A new study shows that the presence of microplastics in human feces may be linked to the progression of liver disease.
The study, conducted by researchers from the University of Toronto and others, suggests that these tiny plastic particles may play a role in worsening liver health and immune system responses, especially in individuals with obesity.
Here’s What the Study Found
The research focused on 23 participants, including healthy lean individuals, obese individuals with normal liver function, and those diagnosed with metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)—a more severe form of liver disease that can lead to fibrosis or cirrhosis.
Researchers were trying to assess the levels of microplastics in feces and determine if they correlated with the progression of liver disease.
They found a correlation between microplastics in human feces and a particular kind of liver disease called metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a condition affecting many people with obesity.
Here are some of the other specific findings:
- Correlation Between Microplastics and Increased Inflammation Markers: The researchers found that fecal microplastic fibers and total microplastics were positively correlated with liver immune cells, including macrophages and killer T cells, which are known to be involved in inflammation and immune responses in the liver.
- Higher Microplastics in Persistent Disease: Among 11 patients with MASH who underwent bariatric surgery, those who showed persistent liver disease 12 months after surgery had higher levels of microplastic fragments in their feces compared to those whose liver function improved.
- Impact on Gut Bacteria: In a somewhat surprising finding, microplastic fibers were also found to positively correlate with the presence of beneficial gut bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium, and negatively correlate with potentially harmful bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae.
While this is a small study and only shows correlation, it clearly shows the need for further study, especially considering the ubiquity of microplastics in our environment.
Microplastics and Their Role in Human Health
Microplastics are tiny particles of plastic, less than 5 mm in length, that generally come from the breakdown of larger plastic items.
These particles are now known to be widespread in the environment and have been found in water, air, and food sources, leading to human exposure through ingestion, inhalation, and even skin contact.
Recent studies have shown that microplastics can enter the human bloodstream and accumulate in various organs. These studies add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that microplastics may pose risks to human health, particularly in relation to metabolic diseases.
How You Can Reduce Your Exposure to Microplastics
The growing body of research on microplastics and their potential impact on human health has led to increasing concern about how to reduce exposure.
Here are some practical steps you can take to limit your intake of microplastics and protect your liver health:
- Filter your water: Microplastics are commonly found in tap water. Using a water filter that can reduce microplastic content can help minimize exposure.
- Avoid single-use plastics when possible: Reduce the use of plastic bottles, straws, to-go cups, and packaging, which can expose you to microplastics directly. Opt for reusable containers and metal or glass alternatives when you can.
- Transition to a low-plastic wardrobe: Synthetic fibers such as polyester shed microplastics during washing and can also leach toxic chemicals into your skin (especially when you sweat). Choosing natural fibers like cotton, wool, and linen can help reduce your direct exposure and reduce the release of microplastics into wastewater.
- Eat as much whole foods as you can: Processed and packaged foods can contain higher levels of microplastics due to plastic packaging. Opting for fresh, whole foods can reduce exposure.
- Use a plastic-free cutting board: Slicing your food on a plastic cutting board can add microplastics to your food. Choose alternatives like solid wood or stainless steel.
- Take it one thing at a time: Plastics permeate our environment, so it can be difficult to avoid them completely. Gradually transitioning to plastic-free (or low-plastic) products over time is more financially and mentally sustainable. Subscribe to our weekly newsletter to get quick tips, product swaps, and more.